The Age of Exploration was venture capital with sextants: monarchs and merchants financing high-risk expeditions in exchange for monopoly trade rights, creating the joint-stock company, insurance, and global supply chains. The institutional innovations matter more than the voyages.
Trade and Corporate Innovation
The Spice Route
John Keay · Book
Spice trade economics and the logistics networks that preceded modern globalisation.
Batavia's Graveyard / VOC histories
Mike Dash · Book
VOC operations and colonial trade mechanics—the first multinational corporation in action.